Mao Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Square (fāng) Kangxi Strokes: 10 Page 482, Entry 17 Pronounced zhan. Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): A flag with a curved handle, used to signal troops. The Rites of Zhou (Zhouli) states: A plain silk flag is called a zhan. Note: In the Office of Spring of the Rites of Zhou, under the Superintendent of Banners, the character is currently written as zhan. Erya (Erya): A banner with designs is called a zhan. Annotation: Made of plain white silk with streamers, utilizing the patterns of the fabric rather than painting them. Shiming (Shiming): Zhan means to tremble; it suggests reverent self-restraint. It is the banner erected by the Three Dukes, symbolizing a state of peace and lack of conflict. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 20th year of Duke Zhao: Used the zhan to summon the high officials. Guangya (Boya): Zhan means to go or to proceed. Book of Odes (Shijing), Weifeng section: Be careful in your actions. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 9th year of Duke Huan: The Duke of Yu requested it. Xiao Erya (Xiao Erya): Zhan means here or therein. Book of Odes (Shijing), Tangfeng section: Abandon it, abandon it. Commentary: Zhan signifies here. Erya (Erya): When the planet Jupiter is in the position corresponding to the heavenly stem yi, it is called zhanmeng. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Account of the Xiongnu: Wearing felt garments. History of the Former Han (Qianhanshu), Biography of Wang Bao: Those who carry felt and wear coarse hair. Rhyme Supplement (Yunbu): Also pronounced zhi. Lu Yun, Eulogy for Administrator Xia: Extensively appointing talented men, with only bows and banners. Shaking our sounds and teachings, responding like an echo to the sound.