Mao Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Halberd (gē) Zhan Kangxi strokes: 16 Page 414, Entry 11 Ancient form. According to Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), Collected Rhymes (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), it is pronounced zhan (falling tone). According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it means to fight. As stated in the Commentary of Zuo (Zuo Zhuan), under the eleventh year of Duke Zhuang, they all spoke of battle. It also means to fear. As stated in the Book of Documents (Shujing), specifically in the Announcement of Zhonghui, both small and great must be in a state of fearful anxiety. It is also a surname. There was Zhan Jing of the Han dynasty and Zhan Shen of the Ming dynasty.