Mao Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Square (fāng) Zhan Kangxi stroke count: 19 Page 485, Entry 14 Pronounced zhan (level tone). In the Discussion of Script (Shuowen), it is noted that the character zhan is sometimes written with the phonetic element dan. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), section on the Ministry of Spring, Office of Standards: A flag made of a single solid color is called a zhan. Commentary: A solid color refers to a deep red, following the orthodox color of the Zhou dynasty. Also in the Rites of Zhou: Ministers of the highest rank shall erect the zhan flag. Commentary: The banners of these ministers are not decorated with paintings, signifying that they merely uphold the political teachings and governance of the king.