You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Speech (yán) Kangxi Strokes: 14 Page 1163, Entry 17 Pronounced wu. Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): To add or to impose upon. Xu states: This refers to describing that which does not exist as if it does. Yupian: To deceive or to hoodwink. Guangyun: To distort the facts. Zhengyun: To defraud, to slander, or to defame. Book of Changes (Yijing), Commentary on the Appended Phrases: The words of those who falsely accuse good people are slippery and insincere. Commentary: To slander a good person is to use words that are empty, frivolous, and undisciplined. Book of Rites (Liji), Exposition of Clothing: Thus, the reception of a salary shall not be falsified. Annotation: That which is not truthful is termed false (wu). Discourses of the States (Guoyu): Those who falsely represent and slander. Annotation: To force a criminal charge upon an innocent person is termed false (wu). Xunzi, General Outline: To occupy a position without having the ability to perform the duties is to practice deception. Also, according to the Dushu Tong (Comprehensive Readings), it is sometimes written as a variant form (wu). Analects of Confucius (Lunyu): How can the way of the gentleman be distorted? History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qianhan Shu), Biography of Xue Xuan: It is cited here as (wu). Jin Zhuo annotation: (wu) and (wu) are identical in meaning. Pian Yun: Erroneously written as the variant form (gao).