Zi Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Person (rén). sǎn. Kangxi stroke count: 12. Page 113. According to the Expanded Rhymes (Guangyun), the fanqie pronunciation is derived from sū and hǎn. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), the fanqie pronunciation is derived from sǎng and hǎn. The pronunciation is sǎn. It refers to an object used to protect against rain and provide shade from the sun, which can be folded and unfolded. It is also written as shǎn or in another variant form. In the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it is explained as a gài, meaning a cover. The Master of Thorough Refinement (Tongya) states that the variant form shǎn originates from the ancient term shān. Yang Shengan believes that sǎn is also an ancient character. The Book of Jin (Jinshu) Records of Carriages and Clothing records that merit officials had umbrellas, fans, and cavalry attendants holding umbrellas. The character sǎn first appears in the History of the Southern Dynasties (Nanshi), which records that Wang Jin used a bamboo hat and an umbrella to cover his face. The Book of Wei (Weishu) Biography of Pei Yanju records that the Shanhu people held white umbrellas and white banners. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters, shān refers to the streamers of a banner. The Approaching the Correct (Erya) mentions crimson silk streamers known as shān. The commentary states that a whole piece of silk connected to many streamers is called shān. This is the origin of the variant form shǎn. It is also used as a place name. The History of Liao (Liaoshi) Annals of Emperor Taizong records that the imperial carriage stayed at a place called Sandian.