Wei Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Meat (ròu) 腎 Kangxi strokes: 14 Page 987, Entry 02 Pronounced shen (rising tone). According to the Explaining and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it is the storage of water. Xu says: The kidneys govern wisdom and store essence; these are all functions of water. According to the Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun), it is one of the five viscera. Correct Meaning Guide (Zhengzitong) states: The kidneys are located below the stomach on both sides, level with the navel, covered in fat with white exterior and black interior. Basic Questions (Suwen) states: The kidneys are the officials of strength and skill, from which techniques emerge. Also: There is one of each organ, but why are there two kidneys? The two kidneys are not both kidneys. The left one is the kidney, and the right one is the Gate of Life (mingmen). Book of Rites (Liji), Monthly Ordinances (Yueling): In the first month of winter, offer sacrifice to the ancestral kidney. Commentary: The yin position is below, and the kidney is also below. Classic of History (Shangshu), Pan Geng: Now I will lay out my heart, belly, kidneys, and intestines to inform all you common people of my intentions. Huainanzi, Treatise on Spirit (Jingshen Xun): The kidney corresponds to rain. Also means to draw or lead. Explaining Names (Shiming): Kidney means to draw or lead. The kidney belongs to water and governs the drawing of water vapor to irrigate all the vessels. Also, according to the Erudite Refinements (Boya), it means firm.