Chou Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Earth (tǔ) Entry: ruan Kangxi Stroke Count: 17 Page 241, Entry 13 According to the Correct Character Guide (Zhengzitong), it is the same as the character for a vacant space alongside a wall or palace. In the Treatise on Food and Money from the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), it refers to cultivating the vacant land alongside palace buildings. It also refers to land along the riverbank. In the Book of the River and Canal from the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), it refers to occupying land along the Yellow River. It also refers to a low wall built outside of a main wall. In the Biography of King Rong of Linjiang from the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), it refers to encroaching upon the vacant land outside the ancestral temple walls to construct palace buildings.