Chou Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Mouth (kǒu) Character: Ran Kangxi stroke count: 8 Page 181, Entry 30 Jade Chapters (Yupian): Pronounced lian. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhymes Meeting (Yunhui): Pronounced ran. Jade Chapters: Ran ran, the appearance of chewing. Xunzi (Xunzi), On Glory and Disgrace: Chewing in a satisfied manner. Also in Collected Rhymes: The appearance of being at ease and content. Also in Collected Rhymes and Rhymes Meeting: Pronounced ran. Collected Rhymes: The appearance of chewing. Note: Jade Chapters, Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), and Categorized Chapters (Leipian) all write this as Ran. Collected Rhymes, Rhymes Meeting, and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) all write this as a variant. Character Collection (Zihui) and Corrected Interpretation (Zhengzitong) record the pronunciation and meaning under the entry for the variant character. We have now carefully examined the annotations for Ran and have adopted Jade Chapters and Broad Rhymes as the standard.