Chen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Tree (mù). Kangxi stroke count: 22. Page 563, Entry 19. Pronounced quan. Yu Pian (Jade Chapters): A weight used for scales. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Hanshu), Treatise on Pitch Pipes and Calendar: Confucius described the principles to be followed by future kings, saying, "One must cautiously unify measures and weights." Measurements should not differ by even a small amount; the balancing of light and heavy should not differ by a single grain of millet. Also refers to situational flexibility. Book of Changes (Yijing), Appended Statements: The Xun trigram is used to implement situational flexibility. Commentary: "Quan" refers to actions that depart from the standard path yet conform to the dictates of righteousness. Also refers to weighing or balancing. Book of Rites (Liji), Royal Regulations: To examine the affection between father and son, and to establish the righteousness between ruler and subject in order to weigh them. Also refers to strategic maneuvers. Zuo Commentary (Zuo Zhuan), 12th year of Duke Xuan: The central army formulates strategic maneuvers, while the rear army acts as the elite force. Du Commentary: The central army is responsible for formulating strategy, using elite troops to cover the rear. Also refers to power and authority. Zhuangzi, Chapter on the Revolution of Heaven: Those who covet power will not surrender their authority to others. Also, Er Ya, Explaining Ancient Words: "Quan-yu" means the beginning. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Qin: Alas, unable to maintain the original beginning. Also, holding an office temporarily is called "quan." Shu Pu: The word "quan" began to be used this way during the Tang Dynasty. Han Yu served as acting Doctor of the Imperial Academy (Guozijian boshi) and, after three years, assumed the position permanently. Also, a name of a vassal state. Also a surname. Zuo Commentary (Zuo Zhuan), 18th year of Duke Zhuang: King Wu of Chu conquered the state of Quan. Rhyme Collection (Yunhui): Dou Min of the State of Chu served as the district magistrate of Quan, and his descendants adopted Quan as their surname. Also interchangeable with "guan," referring to beacon fires. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Hanshu), Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices: The Emperor stayed at the suburban altar and saw beacon fires lit everywhere. Also interchangeable with "quan," referring to the cheekbones. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Hanshu), Annals of Emperor Gao, Commentary on High Bridge: The cheekbones and the bridge of the nose. Cao Zhi, Rhapsody on the Goddess of the Luo River: The dimples support the cheekbones. Also, Shuo Wen (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters): "Quan" is a type of tree with yellow flowers. Er Ya, Explaining Plants: "Quan" is a yellow-flowering plant. Six Scripts Commentary (Liushu Gu): Using a category for herbs to explain a tree seems incorrect. However, the hibiscus in the Er Ya is a tree, yet it is listed among herbs. It is likely not necessary to be overly rigid. Also pronounced guan. Trees growing in thickets. Textual Research: Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Qin: Alas, unable to maintain the original beginning. Note: According to the original text, "yu" was corrected to "yu," and "cheng" was corrected to "cheng." History of the Later Han Dynasty (Hou Hanshu), Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices: The Emperor stayed at the suburban altar and saw beacon fires lit. Note: The History of the Later Han Dynasty does not contain a Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices; changed "Later Han" to "Former Han." Er Ya, Explaining Plants: "Quan," yellow flower. Note: According to the original text, "flower" (ying) was corrected to "flower" (hua).