Chen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Tree (mù). Kangxi strokes: 22. Page 563, Entry 22. Pronounced qu. In Explanation of Names (Shiming), it is stated that in the regions of Qi and Lu, a four-toothed rake is called a rake (qu). It also describes the appearance of tree roots that are twisted and tangled. In Huainanzi: Teachings on Forest Sayings (Huainanzi: Shuolin Xun), it is stated: when a tree is large, its roots are tangled. It also refers to being sparse and detached, as in being loosely attached. In the Canon of Supreme Mystery (Taixuanjing) by Yangzi: Advance with sparse attachments, perhaps leaning on it for support. Also, during the reign of Empress Wu of Tang, government offices were filled with corrupt officials; people of the time spoke of them saying: The rake-hammering censor, the wrist-slipping collator of books. Pronounced chu. Also refers to a plowshare.