Si Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Splinter (pán) Kangxi Strokes: 17 Page 239, Entry 01 Ancient form. Pronounced qiáng. Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): Originally written as the character for wall. Denotes an enclosing screen or fence. Formed from the radical for splinter and a phonetic element. Erya (Erya): A wall is called a yong. Book of Documents (Shangshu): Tall buildings with carved walls. Book of Odes (Shijing): Walls overgrown with tribulus. Commentary: The wall is used for defense against unforeseen events. Book of Rites (Liji): The people of Zhou used walls to set up decorative fans. Commentary: This refers to willow-wood covers. Ceremonial Rites (Yili): When the cloths are set out, then the screens are erected. Commentary: The screen is used to set up a catafalque. Analects of Confucius (Lunyu): Within the screen wall. Commentary: Zheng Xuan states that xiao denotes solemnity, and qiang denotes a screen. When a ruler and his ministers meet, they must observe proper etiquette; upon reaching the screen, one becomes more solemn, hence the term screen wall. History of the Han (Hanshu): Imprisoned within circular walls. Commentary by Yan Shigu: Circular walls refers to a prison. Compound surname. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan): The eunuch Huiqiang Yili. Commentary: Huiqiang is the clan name, Yili is the given name. Interpretation of Classics (Shiwen): Sometimes written as the character for stingy, pronounced qiang. Guangyun (Guangyun): Equivalent to the character for wall. Guliang Tradition (Guliang Zhuan): The Jin official Que Ke and the Wei official Sun Liangfu attacked the state of Qiangiaoru. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan): Written as the character for wall. Also used interchangeably with the character for lady. History of the Han (Hanshu): During the reign of Emperor Yuan, the palace lady Wang Qiang, courtesy name Zhaojun, was bestowed upon the Xiongnu Chanyu. Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): The seal script version is written as the character for wall. Guangyun (Guangyun): Commonly written as the character for wall. Textual verification: History of the Han (Hanshu), imprisoned within circular walls. Commentary by Yan Shigu: The text originally read garden wall, which has been corrected to circular wall in accordance with the original source.