Shen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Grass (cǎo) Qiao Kangxi strokes: 12 Page 1031, Entry 03 Pronounced qiao Book of Odes (Shijing), Chen Airs: Looking at you as a qiao. Commentary: The qiao is the pi-fu plant. Sub-commentary: Also known as pi. Lu’s Commentary states: It resembles turnip, the flowers are purple-green, edible, and slightly bitter. Wings of the Erya (Erya Yi): Also known as the mallow flower. Notes to the Erya (Erya Zhu): It is the present-day Jing mallow. Another source states that the qiao is a small grass with many flowers and few leaves, and the leaves are curled upward. Also pronounced shou. Also pronounced qiao. Meaning is the same. Textual Research: Book of Odes (Shijing), Chen Airs: Looking at you as a qiao. Commentary: The qiao is the pi-fu plant. Sub-commentary: Also known as pi. Guo’s Notes: It is the present-day Jing mallow. Lu’s Notes: It resembles turnip, the flowers are purple-green, edible, and slightly bitter. Wings of the Erya (Erya Yi): Also known as the mallow flower. Notes to the Erya (Erya Zhu): The qiao is a small grass. Careful examination notes that Guo’s Notes belong to the Notes to the Erya, not the Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes. I have corrected Guo’s Notes to Lu’s Commentary. Under the Notes to the Erya, I have added the six characters stating it is the present-day Jing mallow.