Wei Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Sheep (yáng). Qiang. Kangxi stroke count: 8. Page 951, Number 03. Ancient script. According to the Broad Rimes (Guangyun), the pronunciation is qiāng. According to the Collected Rimes (Jiyun), the pronunciation is qiāng. Pronounced the same as qiāng. The Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) states: Sheep herders of the Western Rong tribes. The Qiang of the west; the character is derived from the Sheep radical. The Book of Documents (Shujing) in the Speech at Mu section mentions: Including the people of Yong, Shu, Qiang, Mao, Wei, Lu, Peng, and Pu. The commentary states: These eight nations are all various tribes of the Man, Yi, Rong, and Di. The Qiang reside among the elders of western Shu. The Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) in the Annals of the Five Emperors states: The branches of the Western Rong, the Qusou, Di, and Qiang. In the Biographies of the Xiongnu, it states: Bordering the Yuezhi, Di, and Qiang to the west. The commentary states: The Qiang are a branch of the Sanmiao and the Jiang clan. Emperor Shun exiled them to Sanwei; the present-day Qiang to the southwest of Aguan are they. Also, in Qu Yuan's Encountering Sorrow (Lisao): Ah, within I examine myself to judge others. The commentary states: Qiang is an exclamation used in the Chu dialect. Also, the Jade Chapters (Yupian) defines it as noble, to return, clear, or strong. Also a surname. The Records of the Grand Historian in the Annals of Qin Shi Huang mentions: Qiang Hui attacked Zhao. Also, according to the Collected Rimes, it is also pronounced xiàng. The term qiāngliàng refers to the appearance of a young bird suffering from hunger and exhaustion. The Sea of Characters (Pianhai) notes it is commonly written in a variant form pronounced qiāng.