Chou Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Mouth (kǒu) Character: pin Kangxi Strokes: 19 Page 213, Entry 35 Guangyun: Pronounced pin Jiyun, Yunhui, Zhengyun: Pronounced pin Sound: yin Zhengzitong: The appearance of knitting the brows. Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government (Zizhitongjian): Han Zhaohou said: A wise ruler is frugal with even a single frown or smile. Wang Yun poem: Withheld smile, slight frown moving. Also, Zhengzitong states it is a variant form of pin. Luo Binwang poem: The water chestnut flower on the vanity mirror is dimmed, the willow-leaf eyebrows are frowned. Also, it is a variant form of pin. Zhuangzi, Heaven's Operation chapter: Xi Shi had a heart ailment and frowned. Commentary: To knit the brows is called pin. Li Bai poem: One cannot be jealous of moth-like eyebrows, how much less so by imitating their frown. Also, it is used interchangeably with pin. Mencius: Already frowning and furrowing the brows, he said. Wang Chong, Balanced Inquiries (Lunheng): The weak wine is sour and bitter, the guest and host both frown in distaste. Note: According to the Zhengzitong, this character is distinct from the entries under the speech radical. I have never heard of it being interpreted as a smile. If the old commentaries were correct in their claims, then a frown and a smile would be equivalent to saying a smile and a smile, which is difficult to explain in terms of meaning. All the rhyme books that define it as the appearance of a smile are incorrect.