Yin Collection, Lower Volume; Radical: Bristle (sān); Kangxi Dictionary strokes: 12; Page 364, Entry 05. Tang Rhymes (Tangyun) and Collection Rhymes (Jiyun) state the pronunciation is peng; Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui) and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) state the pronunciation is peng; the pronunciation is identical to peng. Explaining Script (Shuowen Jiezi) defines it as the sound of a drum. Also refers to a type of military weapon. Explanations of Names (Shiming) records: Pengpai is a type of military weapon. Peng means side, referring to arranging things along the side to resist an enemy attack. Also a river name. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 12th Year of Duke Huan, records: During the campaign against the state of Jiao, the Chu army divided its forces to cross the Peng River. Note: The Peng River is in Xinchang, Wei County. Also a state name. Classic of History (Shangshu), Oaths at Mu, records: As well as the peoples of the Yong, Shu, Qiang, Mao, Wei, Lu, Peng, and Pu tribes. Commentary: Lu and Peng were located to the northwest of the Zhou capital. Also a place name. Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Zheng Odes, records: The people of Qing are at Peng. Commentary: This refers to a place on the Yellow River in the state of Wei, in the suburbs of the state of Zheng. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), 2nd Year of Duke Wen, records: The Marquis of Jin fought the Qin army at Pengya. Note: Pengya City is northwest of Heyang County, Fengyi. Also a prefecture name. Old Book of Tang (Tangshu), Treatise on Geography, records: Peng Prefecture was established in the second year of the Chuigong reign period, separated from Yi Prefecture. Also refers to Pengcheng, a county name. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Xiang Yu, records: King Xiang established his capital at Pengcheng. Correct Meaning: It is a county under Xuzhou. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Treatise on Administrative Geography, records: Pengcheng State and Pengcheng County were the ancient Dapeng fief. Also refers to Pengwang, a village name. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Treatise on Administrative Geography, records: Wuyang County has the Pengwang settlement. Biography of Cen Peng records: When Cen Peng arrived at Wuyang, the place he stationed his troops was named Pengwang. Also refers to Pengli, a lake name. Classic of History (Shangshu), Tributes of Yu, records: The Pengli swamp was already storing water. Book of the Former Han (Hanshu), Treatise on Geography, records: In Yuzhang Commandery there is Pengze County, where Pengli Swamp is located west of the county. Also refers to Pengmen, a mountain name. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Treatise on Administrative Geography, records: In front of Jiandi Dao County in Shu Commandery, there are two stones facing each other like a gate tower, known as Pengmen. Also a surname. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), House of Chu, records: Luzhong had six sons, the third of whom was Peng Zu. Note: Yu Fan states: His name was Jian, he became the Peng surname, and was enfeoffed at Dapeng. Discourses of the States (Guoyu), Discourses of Zheng, records: The Shiwei and Zhuji of the Peng surname were later destroyed by the Shang Dynasty. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) records: In the Zuo Tradition, the state of Chu had Peng Zhongshuang; the Han Dynasty had the Minister of Works Peng Xuan. Also, Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui) states the pronunciation is bang; Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) states the pronunciation is bang; it is read as the level tone of bang. Jade Chapters (Yupian) explains this as a description of being numerous. Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Qi Odes, records: The travelers are pengpeng. Exegesis: Peng is pronounced like bang. Also, Jade Chapters (Yupian) explains this as grand. Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui) explains this as strong. Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Greater Odes, records: The four red horses are pengpeng. Collection Rhymes (Jiyun) explains this as the appearance of being powerful. Also, Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) explains this as walking. Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Lesser Odes, records: The four stallions are pengpeng. Commentary: Pengpeng refers to the appearance of being unable to stop. Also, Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) explains this as a road. Also, Collection Rhymes (Jiyun) gives the pronunciation as peng; the sound is identical to peng. Refers to the sound of numerous carriages and horses. Also, Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui) and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) give the pronunciation as pang; the sound is identical to pang. Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui) explains this as near. Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) explains this as the side. Classic of Changes (Yijing), Great Possession hexagram, records: Nine in the fourth place, not being arrogant, there is no misfortune. Commentary: Peng means side. Also, Classified Chapters (Leipian) says "pengheng" refers to the appearance of being proud and self-satisfied. Han Yu's "Chengnan Lianju" contains the line "bitterly opening the abdomen in a bloated manner." Also, Classic of Poetry (Shijing), Lu Odes, records: There are black horses and yellow horses, with carriages pengpeng. Liu Xin's "Suichu Fu" writes: Seeking benevolence and attaining benevolence, this is constant. Maintaining integrity and protecting oneself, compare oneself to Lao Peng. Also used as a phonetic loan for fang. Gongyang Tradition (Gongyang Zhuan), 18th Year of Duke Cheng, records: The Marquis of Jin sent Shi Peng to request reinforcements. Note: In the Zuo Tradition and Guliang Tradition, Shi Peng is written as Shi Fang. Textual research: The original text of Explanations of Names (Shiming) says "Pengpai is a vehicle weapon." I note that the Supplementary Commentary to the Urgent Compilation (Jijiupian Buzhu) cites Explanations of Names (Shiming) with the character for vehicle replaced by the character for military. The text has been corrected accordingly.