Chen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Moon (yuè) Kangxi Strokes: 8 Page 504, Entry 29 Tang Rhymes (Tangyun): Pronounced peng. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui): Pronounced peng. The pronunciation is the same as the word for roc. Book of Changes (Yijing), Kun Hexagram: To find friends in the southwest. Commentary: Refers to things sharing the same nature as the Kun hexagram. Sub-commentary: Whenever the term peng (friend) is used, it does not only refer to people forming cliques; those who share the same temperament and behavior can also be called a clique. Book of Documents (Shujing), Announcement on Luo (Luogao): Young people should be cautious in forming cliques. Commentary: Young people must be prudent regarding their cliques. Book of Changes (Yijing), Dui Hexagram: The noble man meets with friends to discuss and study. Sub-commentary: Those who study under the same teacher are called peng. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Offices, Grand Minister of Instruction: Connect with friends. Commentary: Those who share the same teacher are called peng. Book of Documents (Shujing), Yiji: They gather in groups at home to indulge in licentiousness. Commentary: Peng means to form a group. Book of Changes (Yijing), Sun Hexagram: Sometimes one receives an increase of ten peng of turtle shells. Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes of the Kingdom (Xiaoya): Bestowed upon me wealth worth a hundred peng. Commentary: Five cowrie shells constitute one peng. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Treatise on Food and Money: The shell of a great turtle, measured along the edge, is one foot and two inches long, valued at two thousand one hundred and sixty coins, equivalent to the value of ten peng of large cowries. Commentary: Su Lin says: Two shells constitute one peng, one peng is valued at two hundred and sixteen coins; a great turtle is valued at ten peng, thus it is two thousand one hundred and sixty coins. Two jars of wine are also called a peng. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Bin (Binfeng): Set out two jars of wine to feast. Also a surname. Comprehensive Record of Unusual Surnames (Qixing Tong): During the Song dynasty, there were people named Peng Shui and Peng Shan. Supplement to Rhymes (Yunbu): In rhymed verse, pronounced peng. Liu Zhen, Rhapsody on the Capital of Lu (Ludu Fu): The seasons change and move on, harmonize the kin and comfort the clan. Gather joy, unite with friends, and respectfully admonish one's companions. In rhymed verse, pronounced peng. Chen Lin, Rhapsody on the Great Wilderness (Dahuang Fu): The royal grandfather has white, hoary hair, sitting in a clear and lofty hall. Alone without a companion, hoping to bow and become friends with you. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), this is the ancient form of the character for phoenix. It notes that this is the ancient form of the character for phoenix. It is a pictograph. When the phoenix flies, thousands of birds follow it, which is why it is used to represent the concept of a clique.