Hai Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Tooth (chǐ) Page 1534, Entry 04 Pronounced niè. In the Classic of Etymology (Shuowen), it means to gnaw. In the Book of Rites (Liji), specifically the section on Summary of the Rules of Proper Conduct (Quli), it says, do not gnaw on bones. Also a place name. In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), in the Treatise on Irrigation Canals (Hequ Shu), it mentions that the water at Niesang overflowed, filling the Huai and Si rivers. The commentary notes that Niesang is a place name. Also a bird name, niechi (gnawing tooth). In the Erya (Approaching Elegance), specifically the section on Explaining Birds, it states that the niechi is known as the ai. Also a beast name, nietie (iron-gnawer). See the Classic of Divine Marvels (Shenyi Jing). Also an insect name, niesang. In the Erya, specifically the section on Explaining Insects, it is called the xiang-niesang. The commentary notes that in the region east of the Yangtze River, it is called niefa. Also a plant name. In the Erya, specifically the section on Explaining Plants, nie refers to the bitter violet. The commentary notes that the bitter violet is what is known today as the violet mallow. Another entry states that nie refers to the diaopeng. The commentary notes that this refers to wild mugwort, or plants that are tangled and unkempt. Also a surname. In the Zhuangzi, specifically the chapter on The Adjustment of Controversies (Qiwulun), it mentions that Nie Que asked Wang Ni.