You Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Carriage (chē) Na Kangxi strokes: 11 Page 1240, Entry 22 Pronounced na According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), this refers to the inner reins of the outer horses, tied to the front of the carriage rail. Book of Odes (Shijing), Qin Wind: Decorated with white metal rings and na reins. Commentary (Shu): This refers to white metal used to decorate leather to make a ring, used to insert objects. Four horses have eight reins, but the classics and commentaries always mention six reins. This clarifies that there are two reins that must be tied to the horses that have reins, which are used to control the left and right movements of the horses, causing them to follow the driver's intent. When the outer horses want to move inward, they are constrained by the side drivers; the inner reins do not need to be pulled. Therefore, it is known that the term na refers to inserting the inner reins of the outer horses and tying them to the front of the carriage rail. Textual verification: In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Qin Wind, the text states, Decorated with white metal rings and na reins. The Annotation (Jian) states that this refers to white metal used to decorate leather to make a ring, used to insert objects. We have carefully corrected the source text by changing Annotation (Jian) to Commentary (Shu).