Hai Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Hemp (má) Kangxi Strokes: 11 Page 1515, Entry 01 Pronounced ma. According to Tang Rhymes (Tangyun) and Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), the pronunciation is ma; according to Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui) and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), the pronunciation is ma. It is pronounced the same as the character for toad. Jade Chapters (Yupian) states it is a plant of the ramie type. Its bark can be woven into cloth, and its seeds can be eaten. Approaching Elegance (Erya), section Explaining Grasses (Shicao), calls it hemp (xi). Subcommentary to Approaching Elegance (Eryashu) explains: Hemp, another name for it is hemp (xi). The Tribute of Yu (Yugong) section of the Book of Documents (Shangshu) mentions: The tribute of Qingzhou consists of silk and hemp (xi) from the valleys of Mount Tai, referring to this plant. Book of Rites (Liji), section Patterns of the Inner Quarters (Neize), records: Women must learn to process hemp and similar fibers for needlework to provide materials for clothing. Additionally, hemp that produces seeds is called ju, and that which does not is called xi. Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao) records: The male plant is called xi or male hemp; the female plant is called ju or zi hemp. There is also nettle. Nettle was originally written with a variant form. This is found in Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica (Bencao tujing). It also appears in Book of Odes (Shijing), section Odes of Bin (Binfeng): Grain, hemp, beans, and wheat. Book of Rites (Liji), section Monthly Ordinances (Yueling), records: (In the first month of autumn) eat hemp seeds and dog meat. Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon (Huangdi suwen) records: Hemp, wheat, broomcorn millet, glutinous millet, and beans are the five grains. Correct Meaning Guide (Zhengzitong) says: Hemp refers to sesame. There is also sesame (hu ma). Wings to Approaching Elegance (Eryayi) says: Sesame, another name for it is great and excellent (ju sheng). Correct Meaning Guide (Zhengzitong) explains: It is called great and excellent, which is the current black sesame. There is also sparse hemp (shu ma). Songs of Chu (Chuci), section Nine Songs (Jiuge), says: Plucking the sparse hemp, ah, with flowers like jade. Commentary states: Sparse hemp is divine hemp. There are also black cohosh and gastrodia, both of which are names of medicinal materials. It also refers to a musical instrument. It is a name for a small drum (tao). Approaching Elegance (Erya), section Explaining Music (Shiluo), records: A large small drum is called hemp, and a small one is called liao. Commentary states: The drum called hemp has a sound that is resonant and lingering. There is also Gu Ma. History of the Southern Dynasties (Nan shi), Biography of Baekje, records: The kingdom of Baekje called the capital where the king resided Gu Ma, and called cities Yanlu, similar to what the Chinese call commanderies and counties. Also, Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing) records the Kingdom of Shouma. It is also a place name. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 13th Year of Duke Cheng, records: The army of the State of Jin and the army of the State of Qin fought at Masui. Commentary states: Masui is a place in Qin. Also, History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Biography of Gai Yan, records: Attacking south against Liu Yong, the army advanced to take Maxia. Commentary states: Maxia is the name of a county. It is also a surname. Customs and Traditions (Fengsutong) records: (The Hemp surname) are descendants of Ma Ying, a senior official of the State of Qi. In the Han Dynasty, there was Ma Da, who once annotated the Analects (Lunyu). Imperial edicts are also called hemp. Hanlin Records (Hanlinzhi) records: In the Tang Dynasty, the Secretariat used yellow hemp paper and white hemp paper to write edicts. Later, the Hanlin Academy exclusively managed white hemp edicts, and the Secretariat used yellow hemp edicts separately. In Rhyme Supplement (Yunbu), it is pronounced mo. Book of Odes (Shijing), section Odes of Qi (Qifeng), says: The moat outside the east gate can be used to soak hemp. That beautiful and kind girl can sing and converse with her. Also pronounced mei, sounds like mo. Pan Yue, Poem on Heyang, says: How can the crooked mugwort become straight? Only by relying on the clustered hemp. How can the fate of the common people have constancy? Good governance lies in achieving the harmony of the people's hearts. Six Writings Corrected (Liushu zheng'e) analyzes the character shape: Derived from the component for hemp strips. Derived from the component for cliff, indicating a person under a roof, meaning the processing of hemp. The popular form written with the wood component is incorrect.