Si Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Fire (huǒ) Kangxi Strokes: 16 Page 683, Entry 02 Jade Chapter (Yupian) and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced liao (falling tone). Jade Chapter (Yupian): Court torches are a major state affair, erected to provide illumination for all. Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes (Xiaoya): The radiance of court torches. Explication of Texts (Shiwen): Zheng Xuan states: those placed on the ground are called liao, those held in the hand are called candles, those erected outside the gate are called great candles, and those inside the gate are called court torches; all are established to provide illumination for the multitude. Book of Rites (Liji), Monthly Ordinances (Yueling): Used to supply the firewood and torches required for suburban temple sacrifices and various other rites. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Offices of Heaven (Tianguan), Gatekeeper: Establishing gate torches. Commentary: This refers to ground candles. Also: To set fire. Also: Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Chen (Chenfeng): The beauty is bright. Zhu Xi Commentary (Zhu Zhuan): Liao means bright. Also: Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes (Xiaoya): The torch fire is flourishing. Annotation (Jian): Using fire to burn the fields is called liao. Also: Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhymes Unified (Yunhui), Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced liao (falling tone). Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun): To illuminate. Also: Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun): One tradition refers to hunting at night. Also: Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun): To set fire. Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes (Daya): Those oak trees and wild pear trees are what the people use for burnt offerings. Also: Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Originally written as liao. History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Record of Suburban Sacrifices (Jiaosizhi): Burnt offerings and incense sacrifices have fixed rules. Commentary: Yan Shigu says: liao and liao are the same. Also: Tang Rhymes (Tangyun): Pronounced liao (rising tone); Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhymes Unified (Yunhui): Pronounced liao (rising tone); Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced liao (rising tone). Explaining Characters (Shuowen): Originally written as liao, also meaning to set fire. Book of Documents (Shujing), Pan Geng: Just like fire burning across the wilderness. Commentary: Liao is pronounced liao. Also pronounced liao. Also: Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Sometimes written as liao. Also written as liao. History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Biography of Du Qin: Wishing to use this to fumigate and scorch the world. Commentary: Yan Shigu says: liao is read as liao. This is a loan character. Also: Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced liao (level tone). The meaning of setting fire to burn. Also: Pronounced liao. Fire burning on the ground is called liao. Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes (Xiaoya), Court Torches, Explication of Texts (Shiwen): Xu Miao’s note pronounces this as liao.