Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Metal (jīn) Chain (liàn) Kangxi Strokes: 19 Page 1319, Entry 01 Pronounced lián Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters): A type of copper metal. Yupian (Jade Chapters): Lead ore. Also, in Zhengzitong (Correction of Characters), it is commonly written as the variant form lián. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biographies of the Money-makers: The south of the Yangtze River produces gold, tin, and lian. Annotation: Xu Guang says: Lead that has not yet been smelted. Also, in Liushu Gu (Fundamentals of the Six Writings): Modern people use the term lian to refer to things like iron shackles that are connected together. Also, pronounced chuǎn. The meaning is the same. Another definition is ore.