Si Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Fire (huǒ) 焜 Kangxi Strokes: 12 Page 673, Entry 16 Pronounced hun (falling-rising tone). Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Single-component Characters and Analyzing Compound Characters) defines it as the appearance of brightness. Yupian (Jade Chapters) defines it as luminous. Guangyun (Broad Rhymes) defines it as the appearance of a flame. Zuo Zhuan (Commentary of Zuo) states: "Brightening the expectations of my ruler." Yangzi Fangyan (Regional Speech) defines it as brightness. Jiyun (Collection of Rhymes) notes that it is sometimes written in a variant form (hui). Also pronounced hun (rising tone), with the same meaning. Also pronounced kun (level tone). In the commentary to the Zuo Zhuan, Fu Qian explains: it means brightness. It is also used interchangeably with kun. In Yang Xiong's Ganquan Fu (Rhapsody on Sweet Spring), it is written: "Firewood burning brightly upward, matching the spreading of the pigweed." The commentary by Shigu states: "kun means the same." In the Wen Xuan (Selections of Refined Literature), it is written as kun. The commentary by Li Shan explains: this describes the burning of firewood as very vigorous, so the light of the burning firewood rises upward and spreads in all directions.