Mao Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Square (fāng) Kangxi stroke count: 19 Page 485, Entry 15 Pronounced kuài. According to the Shuo Wen Jie Zi (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters), it refers to erecting a tall wooden framework, placing stones upon it, and using a mechanical device to launch them at enemies. The Book of Odes (Shijing) states: Those catapults were as numerous as a forest. Note: In the Book of Odes (Shijing) in the section Great Odes (Daya), this is now written as a character meaning to assemble. Also, as referenced in the Zuo Commentary (Zuo Zhuan), under the fifth year of Duke Huan: When the flag was waved, the drums were struck. The commentary notes that this is a type of banner. It is made from an entire bolt of silk and is likely similar to the command flags used by generals today. It is held to issue orders and commands. In the Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), in the Biography of Ma Rong, it is written: The flags and banners were as numerous as a forest.