Chou Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Earth (tǔ). Kangxi Strokes: 16. Page 240, Entry 03. According to the Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun), it is pronounced ken. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and the Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), it is also pronounced ken. It refers to exerting effort to cultivate land. Another interpretation suggests it refers to turning over soil while clearing farmland. It also refers to damage; for instance, when a hoe hits something while tilling soil, it causes damage. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), section on the Winter Offices, Artisans (Dongguan Kaogongji), under the entry for pottery makers: Regarding the work of potters, items that are thin-walled, damaged, cracked, or uneven are not permitted in the market. The commentary states: Potters are artisans who create earthenware. Thin-walled refers to vessel walls that are too slender. Damaged refers to signs of harm. Cracked refers to fissures. Uneven refers to surfaces that are not level. These are all products that cannot be utilized, and thus they are barred from the marketplace. Also, it rhymes with quan. In the poem Chuiyuntingshi by Su Shi: My poetry has long remained unwritten, and the wild overgrowth needs to be cleared away. Seeking beautiful phrases from you, I am so engrossed that I forget my morning meal. Fan is pronounced bian (rising tone).