Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Kangxi strokes: 8 Page 378, Entry 32 Guangyun (Guangyun) pronunciation: lang (rising tone). Jiyun (Jiyun) and Yunhui (Yunhui) pronunciation: lang (rising tone). Zhengyun (Zhengyun) pronunciation: dang (rising tone), following the shang (rising) tone. Shuowen (Shuowen) defines it as indignation. It refers to a state of emotional agitation and resentment. It also refers to sorrow, to being unconventional and free-spirited, and to showing utmost sincerity. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji): Singing a sad song with indignation. According to Jiyun (Jiyun), pronunciation: lang (falling tone), sounding like kang. The meaning is the same. According to Guangyun (Guangyun), pronunciation: lang (level tone). According to Jiyun (Jiyun), Leipian (Leipian), and Yunhui (Yunhui), pronunciation: lang (level tone), sounding like kang. Jiyun (Jiyun) defines it as being stubborn and contrary. According to Jiyun (Jiyun) and Zhengyun (Zhengyun), pronunciation: gang (level tone), sounding like kang. Jiyun (Jiyun) defines it as sighing with indignation. Sometimes written with the character for peace (kang). Originally written as the present character. Common usage often adds the character for high (kang).