Wu Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Arrow (shǐ). 17 strokes. Page 825, Entry 24. Pronounced jiao (rising tone). From Shuo Wen Jie Zi: To straighten arrows or to use a clamp. From Guang Ya: To straighten. From Li Bu Yun Lue: To straighten something crooked. From Book of Changes (Yijing), Explanation of the Trigrams: Kan represents straightening and bending. Commentary: To make the crooked straight is called jiao, to make the straight crooked is called rou. From Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Marquis Pingjin: Straightening the arrow and piling up the strings. Commentary: To correct the crooked and make it straight. From History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Edicts of Emperor Cheng: The people are becoming increasingly lazy and sluggish, how can we correct this? Commentary: Jiao means to correct. From Liu Xie, New Treatise (Xinlun): The brace is used to correct what is not straight. Also, from Yu Pian: To deceive, to act without authorization. From Lei Pian: To act recklessly. From Zi Hui: To feign. Often written as a variant form (jiao). From Classic of History (Shangshu), Counsels of Lu: To seize and extort by fraud. From History of the Former Han, Edicts of Emperor Gao: Written as a variant form (jiao). Commentary: To claim deceitfully is jiao, to seize by force is qian. From Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 26th Year of Duke Zhao: To deceitfully claim the authority of the former kings. From Records of the Grand Historian, Biography of Ji An: Falsifying an imperial decree and holding the tally, he opened the granaries of Henan to relieve the poor. From History of the Former Han, Annals of Emperor Gao: Xiang Yu deceitfully killed the Lord of Qingzi. Commentary: To act under the faked authority of King Huai and kill him. From Dai’s Records of Ritual (Da Dai Liji): To occupy a position one is not entitled to is called jiao. Also, from Erya, Explanation of Teachings: Jiao jiao means brave. From Guang Ya: Martial. From Book of Odes (Shijing), Eulogies of Lu: Brave are the tiger ministers. In the Eulogies of Zhou it is written as a variant form (jiao). Commentary: A martial appearance. Also means strong. From Book of Rites (Liji), The Doctrine of the Mean: How strong and firm! From Xunzi, The Way of the Minister: Written as a variant form (jiao). Commentary: A strong appearance. Also, from Lei Pian: To raise. From Tao Qian, Return to My Home (Guiqulaici): At times raising my head to gaze into the distance. From Yang Xiong, Ganquan Rhapsody (Ganquan Fu): Written as a variant form (jiao). Also, from Guang Ya: To fly. From Sun Chuo, Rhapsody on Roaming Mount Tiantai (You Tiantai Shan Fu): Arranging light wings and thinking of soaring. From Yangzi, Regional Speech (Fangyan): Written as a variant form. Also a surname. From Customary Traditions (Fengsu Tong): Descendants of the Jin official Jiao Fu, the Former Han General of the Right Jiao Wang, and the Latter Han recluse Jiao Shen. Jiao is sometimes written as a variant form (jiao). Also, pronounced jiao (falling tone). Same as the variant form (jiao). Also means to deceive. Also means a strong, overbearing appearance. Also means a high, lofty appearance. Originally from Mao’s Additions to the Rhymes. Also, from Ji Yun and Yun Hui, pronounced jiao. The springing out of an arrow. From Classic of Extraordinary Things in the Eastern Wilds (Shenyi Donghuang Jing): The Eastern King Father and the Jade Maiden played pitch-pot; every throw of twelve hundred arrows resulted in a spring. Also jiao jiao, a high, lofty appearance. From History of the Former Han, Biographical Account: Jia Yi was lofty, ascending to the court at the age of twenty. Master Shigu said: According to rhyme, pronounced jiao. Also, from Zi Hui Bu, pronounced qiao. Also a surname. From Records of the Grand Historian, Biographies of Confucius’ Disciples: Jiao Ziyong Ci of Jiangdong. Commentary: Jiao is pronounced qiao. Shigu said: Jiao Ci, courtesy name Ziyong. It is synonymous with the variant forms (jiao), (qiao), and (jiao). Zheng Yun writes it as equivalent to the variant form (qiao), but this is incorrect.