Hai Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Bird (niǎo) Jiu. Kangxi strokes: 13. Page 1481, Entry 10. Pronounced jiu (level tone). According to Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), this is the level tone of the character nine (jiǔ). Shuowen Jiezi states: Refers to a bird (hugou). It resembles a mountain sparrow but is smaller in size, with a short tail and a blackish-green color. Classic of Birds (Qin Jing) states: Among birds, none are as clumsy as the dove, for it does not build its own nest. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Shao (Shaonan): The magpie has a nest, but the dove comes to inhabit it. Book of Rites (Liji), Monthly Ordinances (Yueling): In the second lunar month, the hawk transforms into a dove. Also, Royal Regulations (Wangzhi): The dove transforms into a hawk, and only then are nets set for catching birds. Commentary: This refers to the eighth lunar month. Also refers to an official title. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 17th Year of Duke Zhao: Tanzi stated: The Shaohao clan used bird names to designate official posts. The Zhujiu clan were Ministers of Instruction (Sī tú). The Jujiu clan were Ministers of War (Sī mǎ). The Shijiu clan were Ministers of Works (Sī kōng). The Shuangjiu clan were Ministers of Crime (Sī kòu). The Hugiu clan were Ministers of Affairs (Sī shì). These five doves were officials who gathered and managed the people. Collected Explanations of the Odes (Shiji) by Yan Can: The five doves in Zuo Tradition can all be found in the Book of Odes. Zhujiu is the bojiu, the bird mentioned in Si Mu and Jia Yu as the zhui. Jujiu is the dove in the line the guan-guan cry the ospreys from the Guanju poem. Shijiu is the cuckoo, mentioned in the Odes of Cao. Shuangjiu is the hawk mentioned in the Da Ming poem. Hugiu is the houjiu; it is not the mingjiu mentioned in Banjiu or Xiaowan, nor the dove that eats mulberries mentioned in the Meng poem. Also, Mengjiu is the wren. Xunzi, Exhortation to Learning (Quanxue Pian): In the south, there is a bird called the mengjiu. Also, Erya, Explanation of Words (Shigu): Jiu means to gather or assemble. Zhengzitong states: The dove can gather yang energy, hence it takes the meaning of gathering. Classic of History (Shujing), Canon of Yao (Yao Dian): (Gonggong) gathered extensively (manpower) to manifest his achievements. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 25th Year of Duke Xiang: Gathered in the marshlands. Also means to settle or unify. Zuo Tradition, 8th Year of Duke Yin: The ruler abandons his designs against the three states to thereby settle his people. Also, 16th Year of Duke Xiang: How dare one cause the state of Lu to be unsettled? Also a state name. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhai Jing): The Shijiu state is located south of Yuanli on the sea. Also, Shujiu, a vassal state of Chu. Appears in Zuo Tradition, 24th Year of Duke Xiang. Also a place name. Jiuzi. Zuo Tradition, 3rd Year of Duke Xiang: Zizhong of Chu attacked Wu and conquered Jiuzi. Commentary: It is a city-state of Wu. Also a mountain name. Classic of Mountains and Seas: Two hundred li to the north is Mount Faju. Also a person's name. Rujiu, a virtuous minister of Shang Tang. Also refers to the lower abdomen called jiukou. Chao's Origin of Diseases (Chao Shi Bingyuan): From the heel diagonally upward to the inner side of the jiukou. Also, Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), pronounced qiu (level tone), with the same sound as the character for fur garment (qiú). It is the same as the character kui. Refers to a soil mushroom, which is edible. Also, as a rhyme variation, pronounced jiu (level tone). Taoist Songs (Daozang Ge): Heavy sprouts flourish in splendor, the crimson wind draws the crying dove. Having forgotten the contract of glory, why not treasure the immortal dwelling? Shuowen Jiezi states: For the character jiu, the meaning component is bird, and the sound component is nine (jiǔ). Classic of Birds (Qin Jing): Nine birds are called jiu. Some say the character jiu is based on this connection to the number nine. Liezi, Heavenly Questions (Tianrui Pian): One transforms into seven, seven transforms into nine. Nine is the meaning of exhaustion. Then it transforms back into one, hence it is called jiu; this is why the character jiu is derived from the number nine. Jade Compendium (Yu Pian): Sometimes written in a variant form (jiū).