Wu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Cave (xué) Kangxi Strokes: 7 Page 862, Entry 24 Ancient form. Pronounced jiu (falling tone). To reach the extreme. Book of Changes (Yijing), Explanation of the Trigrams: Its ultimate is strength. Also, to investigate or search out. Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes: To investigate and to plan. Also, to deliberate or consult. Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes: Only these four states, to deliberate and to measure. Commentary: Both investigation and measurement refer to planning. Literary Expositor (Erya), Explanation of Words: To investigate is to plan. Also, to end or finish. History of the Former Han (Hanshu), Biography of Chao Cuo: His abundant virtue did not reach the end of the world. Shigu Commentary: Meaning to end. Also, profound or to exhaust completely. Mencius Sub-commentary: To speak of it exhaustively, one dares not treat it as a reached goal. Literary Expositor (Erya), Explanation of Speech: To investigate is to exhaust. Also, the appearance of harboring malice and failing to associate with others. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Tang: My own people are full of mutual hatred. Literary Expositor (Erya), Explanation of Teachings: To be full of mutual hatred is to be evil. Commentary: To mutually hate one another. Also, Extended Expositor (Guangya): A cave or den. Also, Divination Records (Yuanshenji): The filial piety of a scholar is called jiu. Also, Account of Funan by Zhu Zhi: Mountain streams are called jiu. Commentary on the Water Classic (Shuijingzhu): The Yu River flows from Jiudepu, passing the Yuechang jiu, the Jiude jiu, and the Nanling jiu. Also, a specific designation for a southern tribe. History of the Later Han (Houhanshu), Biographies of the Southern Barbarians: Beyond the borders of Rinan, the Man-jiu barbarians did not serve the local authorities, offering rhinoceros and white pheasants as tribute. Commentary: The Jiu barbarians are a specific tribal name. Also, rhyme-variant pronounced ji (falling tone). Song Yu, Rhapsody on the Goddess (Shennü Fu): Flourishing and beautiful, all virtues are prepared. Grand and elegant, it is difficult to fathom. Also, rhyme-variant pronounced qu (falling tone). Song Yu, Rhapsody on the Goddess (Shennü Fu): Rites had not been completed, words could not reach the end. Wishing to borrow a moment, the goddess spoke in haste. With twisting bowels and grieving spirit, upside down and losing poise.