Chen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Tree (mù). 15 strokes. Page 550, Entry 15. Pronounced jiu. Trees with branches bending downward are called jiu. Book of Odes (Shijing): South has bending trees. Mao Commentary: The branches of a tree bending downward. Also refers to twisting or knotting. Ceremonial Rites (Yili): Not knotted and hanging. Commentary: Does not knot the hanging part of the sash. Also used interchangeably with miao. Book of Rites (Liji): When Shuzhong Pi died, his wife wore mourning clothes and used a knotted headband. Commentary: Miao should be read as jiu, referring to two strands twisted together. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu): Grass fell from the sky, with leaves intertwined and knotted, the size of pellets. Also jiu-liu, referring to traveling and wandering. Yang Xiong:反骚 (Fansao): Gazing at Mount Kunlun and wandering. Also a surname. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji): The crown prince of Wei Tuo, Ying Qi, married a woman from the Jiu family of Handan. Also pronounced liu. The name of a type of tree. Also pronounced liao. The meaning is the same. Textual research: Ceremonial Rites (Yili), Mourning Rites. Corrected in accordance with the original book, changing Mourning Rites to Mourning Clothing.