Hai Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Horse (mǎ) 骄 Kangxi strokes: 22 Page 1445, Entry 25 Pronounced jiao. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen): A horse that is six feet tall is called jiao. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian): A robust appearance. Also, a wild horse. Also, a horse that has bolted and cannot be controlled. According to the Correct Meaning of Characters (Zhengzitong): Indulgence; self-conceit. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Zhou Officers (Zhouguan): One should not aspire to arrogance. Book of Odes (Shijing), Minor Odes (Xiaoya): The arrogant are pleased, but the toiling ones are distressed. Also, sometimes written as qiao. Book of Rites (Liji), Record of Music (Yueji): The music of Qi is proud and eccentric in its disposition. Commentary: Qiao is pronounced jiao. Also, pronounced jiao. Refers to jiao-ao, the appearance of a horse walking. Also, to be indulgent. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Sima Xiangru: Low and high, twisting and stretching in arrogance. Commentary: Ju means a straight neck. Jiao-ao means to be indulgent. Jiao is pronounced jiao. Also, pronounced jiao. Describes an unmanageable state of collapse or pride. Zhuangzi, Setting Aside and Forgetting (Zaiyou): What is unruly and cannot be constrained is perhaps only the human heart. Commentary on Pronunciation and Meaning: Jiao is pronounced as written. Also, pronounced jiao. Also, pronounced xiao. Same as xiao. A short-snouted dog. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Qin (Qinfeng): With long-snouted dogs, the short-snouted ones (xiao). Explanation of Text: Jiao, originally also written as xiao. Also, anciently phoneticized within the yu rhyme category. History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Preface (Xuzhuan): With the rise of the Han, it extended favor to distant lands and granted them tallies of authority. Yet they all relied on their rugged terrain, sometimes acting as subjects and sometimes acting with arrogance. Textual Research: In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Sima Xiangru: The original text reads twisting and stretching. We have added the two characters low and high above twisting and stretching to match the original text. Ju has been corrected to ju.