Wei Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Silk (mì). Kangxi strokes: 12. Page 922, Entry 21. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) state the pronunciation is gu (rising tone), qiao (rising tone). Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) states the pronunciation is ji (rising tone), qiao (rising tone); sound is jiao (rising tone). Shuowen Jiezi states it means to hang. Jade Chapters (Yupian) states it means to wind around. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) states it means to bind. Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), Third Year of Duke Ai: If he has committed a crime, execute him by hanging. Commentary: Jiao is the instrument used to hang men or objects. Also, Analects (Lunyu): To be straightforward without ritual leads to abruptness (jiao). He Yan's commentary: Jiao refers to cutting or pricking someone with words. Sub-commentary: Jiao refers to pricking someone for their faults. Also, a country name. Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), Eleventh Year of Duke Huan: The people of Zheng encamped at Pusao, intending to join the armies of Sui, Jiao, Zhou, and Liao to attack the army of Chu. Commentary: Jiao is the name of a country. Also, a surname. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun) cites the Garden of Surnames of the He Clan (He Shi Xing Yuan). Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Collection of Rhymes (Yunhui) state the pronunciation is he, jiao; sound is yao (level tone). Book of Rites (Liji), Jade Pattern (Yuzao): Layered clothing with an undershirt (ti) worn over it. Commentary: Jiao is a pale yellow color. Also, Book of Rites (Liji), Record of Funeral Rites (Sangdaji): For the minor encoffining, use cloth wrappings. Commentary: Jiao refers to the materials used to bind and secure the body after encoffining. Explanation of Names (Shiming): The cloth used to bind the clothing is called jiao. Jiao means to intersect; it refers to binding and knotting together. Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) states the pronunciation is ju, xiao; sound is jiao (falling tone). Refers to black-yellow silk.