Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Metal (jīn) Kangxi strokes: 16 Page 1309, Entry 01 Guangyun: Pronounced gang. Jiyun, Yunhui, Zhengyun: Pronounced gang. Yupian: To smelt iron. Liezi, Tang Question Chapter (Tangwen pian): Smelted steel with a red-hot blade, used to cut jade as if cutting mud. Wei Wendi, Music Bureau (Yuefu): The steel of Yangtou. Brush Talks (Bitan): In the world, what is forged and called steel is made by taking wrought iron, folding and coiling it, filling the gaps with cast iron, sealing it with clay, and smelting it, forging it until they merge; this is called cluster steel, also called poured steel; this is merely imitation steel. When I was sent on a mission to the Cizhou forging workshops, I first realized that in ordinary iron, that which contains steel is like noodles containing gluten; when forged over a hundred fires, each forging makes it lighter, but when it reaches the point where repeated forging does not reduce the weight, it is pure steel. Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao): Li Shizhen stated: Steel is divided into three types: those made by smelting wrought iron with cast iron, those made by refining fine iron a hundred times to produce steel, and those naturally formed in the mountains of the southwest seas, shaped like purple fluorite. Generally, knives, swords, and all blades are made of steel. Also Guangyun: Pronounced gang (falling tone). The meaning is the same. Textual research: Liezi, Yin Tang Chapter (Yin Tang pian): Smelted steel with a red-hot blade, used to cut jade as if cutting mud. Strictly following the original book, this has been corrected to Tang Question Chapter (Tangwen pian).