Chen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Sun (rì) 晷 Kangxi strokes: 12 Page 497, Entry 10 Pronounced gui. Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters): The shadow of the sun. Guangya (Broad Refinement): Gui is the shadow cast by a gnomon. Shiming (Explanation of Names): Gui means to regulate, as if regulating through measurements. Yupian (Jade Chapters): Using a gnomon to measure the sun. Book of Han (Hanshu), Treatise on Astronomy: The distance from the pole is difficult to know, so one must rely on the sun shadow. The sun shadow is the means by which one knows the sun's position from north to south. Zhengzitong (Correction of Character Meaning): The gnomon is the source from which chronological calculations arise. Its method is to take a high place as the foundation and erect two poles of different lengths to be used; the two poles should be equal in height to the elevated site. By measuring the length and shortness of the distance between these three elements, and using the Pythagorean theorem to calculate them, the cycle of cold and heat and the variation in day length become clearly visible. Why is the character composed of the element for fault (jiù)? It is because there are discrepancies in the sun's shadow. The movement of the heavens has its regularities, yet it cannot avoid slight variations in gain and loss; thus, annual discrepancies arise from this, and therefore the sun's shadow is used to measure them. This is the method of placing a gnomon to observe shadows as described in the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Record of Artificers (Kaogongji). Also, as a rhyme supplement, pronounced guo. Lu Yun's Poetry: I wish to ascend the Fusang tree, and look up to connect with the flying sun-shadow. That person is no longer here, who is there to share this lingering fragrance? Also, pronounced yi. Wang Yanshou, Rhapsody on the Lingguang Hall of Lu: Verdant, purple, and lush, the magnificent, rugged, and extraordinary architecture contains the light of the sun-shadow. Exhausting the strange and reaching the ultimate, there has never been anything like it since the building was constructed.