Chen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Tree (mù). Kangxi stroke count: 14. Page 514, Entry 21. In the Sea of Characters (Pianhai), it is the same as the character for paper mulberry tree. It is a paper mulberry tree. See the annotation for the character for paper mulberry tree for details. It also refers to being bent. From the Xunzi, chapter on the nature of evil: The tool used to straighten wood exists because there is wood that is bent. Regarding the character itself: Pronounced gou. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it means to cover. Du Lin considered it to be the character for a rafter. According to the Jade Book (Yupian), it means to build a house. From the Book of Documents (Shangshu), chapter on the great announcement: His son would not even lay the foundation, how would he be willing to build a house? Also, according to the Broadly Refined (Guangya), it means to join together. From the Book of Changes (Yijing), commentary on the appended phrases: When the vital essences of man and woman join together, all things are transformed and grow. From the Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes: I encounter disasters every day. Also, to cause or create. From the History of the Former Han (Qian Hanshu), biography of Qing Bu: The matter has already been created. From the History of the Tang (Tangshu), biography of Yang Shidao: Writing poetry as if it had been pre-conceived. It also refers to fabricating facts to frame someone. From the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), sixteenth year of Duke Huan: Xuan Jiang and Gongzi Shuo framed Jizi. It also refers to lighting a fire. From the History of the Former Han (Qian Hanshu), biography of Chen Sheng: Lighting a fire at night. It also refers to sowing discord. From the History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), biography of Wei Ao: Do not listen to the words of those sowing discord. It is also another name for the paper mulberry tree. From the Records of Mutual Influence of Things (Wulei Xianggan Zhi): Sap from the paper mulberry tree can be used to coat cinnabar. Also pronounced gu. From the Xunzi, chapter on encouraging learning: If one is too rigid, one brings about one's own snapping; if one is too soft, one brings about one's own constraints. If one's person is evil and filthy, one invites resentment. (Note: The character for constraint is pronounced xu). Also, in the Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), it is the same as the character for rafter.