You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Bean (dòu) Page 79, Entry 01 Pronounced feng. According to the Etymological Dictionary of Characters (Shuowen), it refers to the appearance of beans being full. Another account states it is the name of a type of vessel; in the Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili) section on the archery rite, there is the "Feng-hou" vessel, also known as the "Feijin" (a stand for wine vessels). Lu Dian says it resembles a bean. Records of Rare Matters (Hailu Shuishi) states: The Archery Rites record that a Feng vessel is placed at the western steps. The ruler of the ancient state of Feng perished due to alcohol, so it was used as a vessel for penal wine, with human figures painted on the bottom as a warning. Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), Archery Rites: The ritual official goes to the west of the hall and commands his disciples to set up the Feng. Commentary: It is intended for penal wine to be given to those who do not win; the Feng is used to support the wine cup. Sub-commentary: According to the Book of Ceremonial (Yanli), the ruler has a wine vessel called a Feng; since this text mentions it as a support for the wine cup, there are two distinct uses. Also, according to the Jade Compendium (Yupian), it means large. According to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it means abundant. Classic of Changes (Yijing), Feng Hexagram Sub-commentary: Feng is a term describing that which is numerous and large, meaning full and sufficient. When wealth is great and virtue is vast, it is called feng. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Rituals of Gaozong: In sacrificial ceremonies, one should not be overly lavish with the near kin. Sub-commentary: This refers to an abundance of sacrificial offerings. Discourses of the States (Guoyu), Discourses of Chu: If they plot against the state of Chu, will they necessarily face a great failure? Commentary: It means large. Master Yang's Dialects (Fangyan): Any object that is large is called feng. Furthermore, in the borderlands of Zhao and Wei, and in the northern remote regions of Yan, any large person is called a Feng person. The Records of Yan state: Feng people have long heads. Zhu-shou is a term for a long head. Also, according to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it means lush or flourishing. Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes: In those lush grassy fields. Commentary: Feng means lush. Discourses of the States (Guoyu), Discourses of Chu: Those who serve a ruler should not recommend others based on their flourishing or declining fortunes. Commentary: Feng means flourishing; yue means declining. Also equivalent to "thick" or "generous." Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Ministry of Earth, Grand Minister of Instruction: In level plains and low, damp lands, the people there are thick-muscled and short of stature. Also, a bountiful harvest year is called feng. Book of Odes (Shijing), Eulogies of Zhou: A year of abundance with much millet and rice. Gongyang Commentary (Gongyangzhuan), Third Year of Duke Huan: What is "a year of great abundance"? It is a year of a great harvest. Commentary: It means the five grains have all matured greatly. Also, the Broad Elegant (Boya) states that the master of clouds is called Fenglong. Another account says he is the master of thunder. Qu Yuan, Encountering Sorrow (Lisao): I command Fenglong to ride the clouds. Huainanzi, Treatise on Astronomy: In the third month of spring, Fenglong appears. Commentary: This refers to thunder. Also, a type of mat. Kong Anguo, Commentary on the Book of Documents: Feng refers to the galingale plant. Guo Pu says: People in the west now call rushes "wan," and use them to make mats. Zheng Kangcheng says: It refers to a polished bamboo mat. Also, "Feng-ben," a synonym for chives. Book of Rites (Liji), Inner Quarters: Regarding all rituals for ancestral temples, chives are called "Feng-ben." Commentary: This refers to the lushness of their roots and stems. Also a place name. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Successful Completion of the War: The King arrived from the Shang territory at Feng. Commentary: The old capital of King Wen, located in Jingzhao, Hu County; the area northwest of present-day Chang'an County. Often written as the variant Feng (feng). Also a river name. Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes: The Feng River flows east. Notes to the Treatise on Geography (Hou Hanshu), Geography section: The Feng River originates from the Feng Valley in the southern mountains of Hu County and flows north into the Wei River. Often written as the variant Feng (feng). Also a county name. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Hanshu), Treatise on Geography: Feng County belonged to Pei Commandery. Also a prefecture name. Ancient Taiyuan Commandery; Feng Prefecture was established during the Song Dynasty. Also in Shaanxi; Feng Prefecture was established during the Sui Dynasty. Also a mountain name. Feng Mountain is located about two li south of Chu Prefecture; the Fengle Pavilion is situated there. See the essay by Ouyang Xiu. Also a personal name. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Hanshu), Table of Ancient and Modern People: Feng was a consort of Emperor Ku who gave birth to Yao. Master Shigu says: This is the same as the name Feng (feng). Also a surname. According to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), descendants of Feng, a son of Duke Mu of Zheng. Also a compound surname: Fengjiang family. See the Discourses of the Hidden Man (Qianfulun). Also read as fen (level tone). Cai Yong, Poems: The people are tranquil and the products are abundant. (Rhymes above with "pacify my Jing and Heng regions" and below with "to record great merits"). Also read as fang (level tone). Han Yu, Elegy for Ouyang Sheng: My friend has achieved his goal; his salary is truly not generous. Using his ambition as his nourishment, why should he need cattle and sheep?