Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) 愤 Kangxi strokes: 16 Page 403, Entry 01 Pronounced fen (rising tone). Explaining Writing (Shuowen): Distressed or pent-up. Formed from the heart radical and the phonetic component ben. Discourses of the States (Zhouyu): Accumulated energy distresses and fills the body. Commentary: This refers to being congested or suppressed and full of anger. Also found in Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Written as a variant form. Also written as ben. Record of Music (Yueji) in the Book of Rites (Liji): The sound of grand exuberance rises, and the people become strong and resolute. Sound and Meaning (Yinyi): Following the commentary, it is read as fen, pronounced fen (rising tone). Also written as feng. Zhuangzi, Robber Zhi chapter: Indulging in a surge of energy. Guo Xiang reads this as fen. Also in Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Orthography Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced fen, with a sound identical to fen (flat tone). Meaning full. Analects (Lunyu): If he is not in a state of indignant searching, I will not open up the subject for him. Also: Forgetting to eat when inspired by a sense of determination. Note: The commentary gives the rising tone. Dictionary records provide both the rising and departing tones. Also rhyming as fen: Su Zhe, Eulogy for Fan Zhen: His earnest remonstrances were not followed, leading him to resign as a minister. He opened his doors to scholars, harboring neither resentment nor indignation. Explaining Writing (Shuowen): Fen is the original character. The character is written with the grass radical in some forms.