Mao Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Square (fāng) Kangxi Strokes: 18 Page 485, Entry 09 According to Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), and Rhyme Meeting (Yunhui), the pronunciation is fan. According to Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it refers to the lower edge of a banner. Annotation by Xu Xuan states that the lower edge refers to the part of the banner that hangs down. According to Explaining Names (Shiming), it is the same as a banner, appearing to flutter in the wind. According to Jade Chapters (Yupian), it is a general term for flags and banners. According to the Book of the Later Han (Houhan shu), Records of Rituals and Ceremonies, a green banner was erected. Also, according to Broad Rhymes and Collected Rhymes, the pronunciation is fan. The meaning is the same.