Chen Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Bad (dǎi) 殬; Kangxi strokes: 17; Page 583, Entry 32 Pronounced du (falling tone). Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): To ruin. Classic of History (Shujing), Great Plan (Hongfan): The constant order is thereby ruined. Note: In the current edition of the Classic of History, the character is written as yi. The character yi has two pronunciations, one of which is du. The Zhengzitong lexicographical collection agrees, but they are not the same; the present form is incorrect. Also, in Liu Xie, New Treatise (Xinlun): Small profit is the ruin of great profit; the small is the gateway to great disaster. In the Jiyun dictionary, it is sometimes written as a variant form. It is also abbreviated as gao.