Yin Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Roof (mián) Page 287, Entry 01 Jade Chapters (Yupian) states this is the ancient form of the character for examine (shěn). Detailed commentary is found under the twelve-stroke section. Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) states it means thorough and clear, referring to a deep understanding of the true circumstances of a matter. The form is composed of Roof and distinguish (biàn). Xu Kai states that Roof represents covering, and distinguish represents differentiation. Covering an object and distinguishing it deeply is called shěn. The seal script form is written as examine (shěn); detailed commentary is found under the entry for examine (shěn). Correct Character Guide (Zhengzitong) states this character is different from the character for official (cǎi) found in the term for governmental offices (liáocǎi). The character for gather (cǎi) is composed of Claw and Tree, while this character is composed of Roof and distinguish. The component distinguish is pronounced biàn, and its meaning is the same as distinguish (biàn). It is a compound ideograph.