You Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Shell (bèi). Kangxi stroke count: 15. Page 1209, Entry 15. Pronounced si (falling tone). According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it means to give. According to the Sea of Documents (Pianhai), it means to bestow. Book of Rites (Liji), section on Detailed Rituals: Three bestowals do not extend to carriages or horses. The commentary states that three bestowals refers to three royal mandates. The sub-commentary states that to receive a mandate is to receive a bestowal. Also, in the Jade Regulations (Yuzao): Regarding all bestowals, the superior man and the commoner are not rewarded on the same day. Also, in the Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang Zhuan), second year of Duke Xi: The mutual assistance between the states of Yu and Guo was not a matter of mutual bestowal. The commentary states that bestowal is synonymous with favor. Also, according to the Jade Compendium (Yupian), bestowal means to grant, and also means to empty or exhaust. Also a surname. According to the Sea of Jade (Yuhai), descendants of Zi Ci, an official of the state of Qi. According to the Comprehensive Guide to Characters (Zhengzitong), the common variant form is incorrect.