Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Gate (mén) 闯 Kangxi strokes: 18 Page 1340, Entry 08 Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), Collection of Rhymes (Yunhui), Standard Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced chuang. Shuowen Jiezi: The appearance of a horse suddenly rushing out from within a gate. It is a compound ideograph formed from horse and gate, also possessing pictographic elements. The pronunciation is similar to chen. It also denotes the appearance of sticking one's head out. Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang Zhuan) on the sixth year of Duke Ai: Opened the gate and saw Prince Yangsheng sticking his head out. Commentary: Chuang means the appearance of sticking the head out. Jade Chapters (Yupian): Sometimes written in a variant form (zhan). Han Yu, Joint Poem Written While Staying Together: Although the gate of the Confucian family is wide open, the wicked and treacherous dare not stick their heads in to peer. Here, the meaning in both cases is to peep or observe. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced chen. Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang Zhuan) on the sixth year of Duke Ai, Chuang-ran Commentary: Also notated with the pronunciation chen. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced chen. The meaning is the same.