Hai Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Bird (niǎo) Chun Kangxi Strokes: 19 Page 1493, Entry 23 Guangyun (Comprehensive Rhymes): Pronounced chun. Jiyun (Collective Rhymes), Yunhui (Collection of Rhymes), Zhengyun (Correct Rhymes): Pronounced chun. Guangyun: Quail. Bencao (Materia Medica): The quail is the size of a small chick, with a small head and no tail; its body is speckled. The male has long legs, and the female has short legs. Huainanzi (Book of the Prince of Huainan): Field rats transform into quails. Biwan Shu (Arts of Biwan): When a toad obtains claws, it transforms into a quail. Jiaozhou Ji (Record of Jiaozhou): In the South Sea, there is a yellow fish that transforms into a quail in the ninth month. Lu Dian Theory: The quail has no fixed dwelling but has a fixed mate. Therefore, Shizi (Book of Master Shi) states: Yao had no fixed dwelling, just like a quail. The Book of Odes (Shijing) states: Quails fly in pairs. This indicates that the quail does not confuse its mate. The people of the State of Wei considered Xuan Jiang to be inferior even to the quail. Common usage: This bird is known for a simple nature; it flies attached to grassy areas and walks without crossing through grass. When it encounters grass blocking its path, it goes around it. This is why it is called chun. Zhengzitong (True Character Guide): The quail has a particularly bald tail, which looks like a knotted fold in a garment. Therefore, any tattered clothing is described as looking like a hanging quail. Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas): On the Kunlun Hills, there is a bird called the chun bird. It manages the various garments of the Heavenly Emperor. It is also the name of a star constellation. Piya (Amplification of Erya): The seven mansions of the Southern Vermilion Bird are called the quail head, quail fire, and quail tail. It is also the name of a district. Qianhan (History of the Former Han), Treatise on Geography: Anyin District in Anding Commandery. Houhan (History of the Later Han), Records of Commanderies and States: Chungu District in Anding Commandery. It is the same as the character for pure (chun). Yangzi (Book of Master Yang), Guaxue Pian: The trees of spring are vibrant; guide me with his pure and harmonious hand. This refers to Confucius teaching people, using his hand to guide them toward purity and harmony. Jiyun: Pronounced chun. The meaning is the same. Jiyun, Zhengyun: Pronounced dun. Zhuangzi (Book of Master Zhuang), Tiandi Pian: The sage has no fixed dwelling like a quail, and seeks no food like a fledgling. Jiyun, Zhengyun: Pronounced tuan. Book of Odes (Shijing), Xiaoya: It is neither an eagle nor a kite, yet it flies high into the sky. Annotation: Chun, pronounced tuan.