Wu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Grain (hé) Kangxi Strokes: 12 Page 854, Entry 10 Pronounced cheng. As defined in the Analytical Dictionary of Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): it refers to a unit of measurement. Ten strands of hair make a cheng, ten cheng make a fen, and ten fen make a cun. Xu says: a cheng is a standard for weights, measures, capacities, and the calendar. In the Xunzi, Chapter on Reaching Accomplishment (Zhishi Pian): a cheng is the standard for things. The commentary notes: cheng is the collective name for measurements. In the Book of Rites (Liji), Monthly Ordinances (Yueling): to inspect the standards and measurements. The commentary notes: standards refer to the regulation of size, while measurements refer to the capacity of vessels. The sub-commentary states: this refers to the capacity and volume. Also, per the Extensive Dictionary of Sounds and Meanings (Guangyun): a limit, a formula, or a restriction. Per the Supplement to the Rhyme Dictionary (Zengyun): to measure, to weigh, or to evaluate. In the Book of Rites (Liji), Conduct of the Scholars (Ruxing): pulling a heavy tripod without measuring one's strength. In the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Annals of Emperor Gao: Zhang Cang established statutes and regulations. Also, in the Records of Legal Matters (Fazhi): personally deciding affairs, each day weighing one stone of documents. The commentary notes: weighing refers to assessing weight. One stone is one hundred and twenty catties. Reading documents, one hundred and twenty catties was set as the daily quota. Also, in the Biography of Dongfang Shuo: to evaluate their skills and abilities, using them as if it were not enough. Also, post-station distance, referring to road mileage. Also, to demonstrate. In Zhang Heng’s Rhapsody on the Southern Capital (Nandu Fu): to show off ornaments. Also, the Qin people called the leopard a cheng. In the Zhuangzi, Chapter on Autumn Floods (Qiushui Pian): the qingning gives birth to the cheng, and the cheng gives birth to the horse. The commentary notes: the cheng is a leopard. Also, a place name. In the Records of Emperors and Kings (Diwang Shiji): King Wen lived in Cheng and later moved his capital to Feng. In the History of the Later Han (Houhan Shu), Records of Commanderies and States: there is a place called Shangcheng. The commentary notes: this was the ancient State of Cheng, descendants of Zhongli, the state name of Bo Xiufu. Also, a surname. It originates from Guangping and Anding. These two are the prominent clans, originally descendants of Zhuanxu and Zhongli. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, Cheng Bo Xiufu served as Minister of War and was enfeoffed at Cheng, which subsequently became the clan name, sharing the same origin as the Sima clan. Also, read as chang. In a poem by Zhang Ji honoring Han Yu: You wished to write a letter, leaving behind a set of instructions. You asked me to sign the end, to serve as a guide for later affairs.