Yin Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Wide (guǎng) Kangxi strokes: 12 Page 348, Entry 26 Pronounced chi (falling tone) According to the Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), and the Rhymes Collected (Yunhui), the pronunciation is chi. According to the Corrected Rhymes (Zhengyun), the pronunciation is chi (falling tone). According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), the character means clear. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian), it refers to a latrine or a place that is mixed or impure. According to the Explaining Names (Shiming), the term refers to a place where people congregate, implying more than one person. It is also called a hun (polluted place), referring to its murky and turbid nature. It is also called a qing (privy), a place of extreme filth that should be regularly cleaned and maintained to keep it pure and clear. In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Xiang Yu: The Prince of Pei rose to go to the latrine. Also, the area beside a bed is called a ce. In the History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Biography of Ji An: When Wei Qing was an attendant, the Emperor would often sit on a ce to see him. The commentary by Ying Shao states: It refers to the side of a bed. Also, according to the Rhymes Collected (Yunhui), high banks flanking water are called ce. In the History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Biography of Liu Xiang: To the north, it overlooks the ce. The commentary by Fu Qian states: Ce means near the water. Also, according to the Expanded Rhymes (Guangyun), it means leisure or next to. In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Yue Yi: He placed him among the guests. Also, according to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), pronounced ce. It means the side. In the Zhuangzi, Chapter on External Things: Stepping on the side and sinking into it.