Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Kangxi Strokes: 9 Page 379, Entry 17 According to the Five Tones Collection and Rhymes (Wuyin Jiyun), pronounced zen. This is a modal particle. In the aforementioned Five Tones collection, this character lacks a traditional phonetic spelling. Changli Zi designated it as the first class of the zhen rhyme category, which may be considered correct. Currently, in the qin rhyme category, it is categorized under the jing initial with a phonetic spelling, while the hong character is categorized under the xiao initial and phoneticized as zen; these two characters rhyme and provide phonetic spelling for each other, which is quite effective. Note: This character is not included in the Expanded Dictionary of Sounds (Guangyun) or the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), but it is recorded only in the Five Tones Collection and Rhymes (Wuyin Jiyun) by Han Xiaoyan. At present, people in Yangzhou pronounce it as zheng (rising tone), people in Wu pronounce it as zun (rising tone), people in Jinling pronounce it as jin (rising tone), and people in Henan pronounce it like zha. Each follows their local dialect and distinctions.