You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Speech (yán) Kangxi Strokes: 19 Page 1181, Entry 01 Pronounced zèn (falling tone). Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Graphs and Analysis of Characters): To slander. Guangya (Expanded Dictionary): To slander. Yupian (Jade Chapters): To slander. Yunhui (Collection of Rhymes): To enter slander from the side. Book of Odes (Shijing): When slanderous words arise, one retreats. Commentary: When slanderous and destructive words exist, one jointly repels and withdraws. Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang Zhuan): The wife slandered the Duke to the Marquis of Qi. Commentary: Telling of a factual matter is called accusing (su); adding falsehoods is called slandering (zèn). History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu): To suffer unjust slander. Also, scorpion-like slander. Piya (Amplified Expositions): In ancient times, when slander arose from within, it was called scorpion-like slander. Also, pronounced jiàn (falling tone). Interchangeable with jian (to exceed, to be dishonest). Lack of trust. Book of Odes (Shijing): Slander begins and finally goes against. Shiwen (Explanation of Text): The original text of zèn also written as jiàn. Also: Covertly calling me dishonest. Jian (Sub-commentary): Jian means lack of trust. The original text also written as zèn. Also, rhyming with lín, pronounced jìn (falling tone). Book of Odes (Shijing): Looking at that middle forest, the deer are numerous. Friends have already slandered; they do not look at each other with goodness. Zèn rhymes with lín. Zhengzitong (Correction of Characters): Commonly written as zèn (with the radical replaced), which is incorrect. Textual Research: Book of Odes (Shijing): Slander begins and finally goes against. Jian (Sub-commentary): Jian means lack of trust. The original text also written as zèn. Note: According to the original text, changed sub-commentary to Explanation of Text, and changed the commentary to sub-commentary.