Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Metal (jīn) Zuan Kangxi strokes: 13 Page 1300, Entry 16 Tang Dynasty Rhyme (Tangyun): Pronounced chi. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced chou, pronounced the same as zhan. Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): Refers to iron tongs. Also, Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) suggests it may refer to an iron tool used for oiling a wheel axle. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Pronounced ju. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced qi, pronounced the same as qian. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Refers to a tool for holding iron. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Refers to using an iron sheet to bind and secure items. Dictionary Compendium (Zihui Bu): Same as the character for tongs (qian). Cangsang Pian: Zuan means to clamp or hold. Proper Character Mastery (Zhengzitong): Any item where two ends meet and are secured with an iron hoop, or corners where iron plates are fastened at both ends, are called zuan. Also interchangeable with the character for needle (zhen). Record of Zhou (Zhouli), Ministry of Summer, Master of Bird Archery, Commentary: Needle (zhen) arrow. Explanation of Text (Shiwen): Needle is pronounced as qi. Some editions write this as zuan. Also refers to a torture instrument. Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu), Annals of Emperor Zhang: Torture instruments such as zuan cause extreme pain. Biography of Chong: Abolish cruel punishments such as zuan. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Rhyme Collection (Yunhui): Pronounced tuo, pronounced the same as tie. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Refers to securing an object with a zuan. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced zhi, pronounced the same as zhen. Guiguzi wrote the Feizuan Chuaimo Pian. Proper Character Mastery (Zhengzitong): Means to discern right from wrong and control the opponent quickly and firmly. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced zhi. Also pronounced qu, pronounced the same as qin. Meaning is the same. Proper Rhymes (Zhengyun): Same as the character for sharp (xian). Model Sayings (Fayan) by Yangzi: The brush is not sharp (xian) yet it is applied to the whetstone. Note: The original text of Model Sayings (Fayan) uses the character for sharp (xian), pronounced qian. It is written incorrectly here as zuan. Proper Rhymes (Zhengyun) cites this character in error.