Chou Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Mouth (kǒu) 呪 Kangxi strokes: 8 Page 182, Entry 02 According to Expanded Dictionary of Sounds and Meanings (Guangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Meetings (Yunhui), and Corrected Rhymes (Zhengyun), the pronunciation is jiu (falling tone). According to Expanded Dictionary of Sounds and Meanings (Guangyun), it means to curse or cast an incantation. In Strategies of the Warring States (Zhanguoce), it is written: Xu Wan cast a curse for me. In the Biography of Wang Tun from the History of the Later Han (Houhan shu), it is written: Tun cast a curse, saying: What is the unjust situation? In the Seven Cauldrons Chapter of Master Guan Yin (Guanyinzi), it is written: There is one who recites an incantation. Furthermore, according to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), it is also written in the form of zhu. In the Book of Documents (Shangshu), chapter titled No Ease (Wuyi), it is written: When the people do not conform, their hearts are rebellious and resentful; when they do not conform, their mouths cast curses and incantations. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Great Odes (Daya), it is written: They act as sovereigns and cast incantations. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Office of Spring, it is written: There are those who cast curses and incantations. According to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), it is sometimes written as chou, and also as jue.