According to The Jade Chapters (Yupian), it is pronounced qian. It means solitary. It is also interpreted as to worship. It is also pronounced with the sound of qiong. The meaning is the same. Note: The interpretation as to worship is without basis. This, as well as the variant form found in the Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun) written as, interpreted as to be greedy for physical beauty, should not be accepted. The Correct Meaning Compendium (Zhengzitong) considers this character to be interchangeable with the character pronounced huan.