Yin Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Child (zǐ) Kangxi Strokes: 16 Page 280, Entry 01 Pronounced xue. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it means to awaken or realize. Originally written as the character meaning to teach (xiao); in seal script, it is written as this character. According to the Added Rhymes (Zengyun), receiving instruction and inheriting scholarly traditions is called learning. Master Zhu says: the meaning of learning is to imitate. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Zhou: Daily accumulation and monthly growth, learning can gradually lead to a realm of brightness. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Charge to Yue: A ruler seeks broad knowledge and experience in order to establish merit. By learning from the admonitions of the ancients, one can achieve success. Book of Rites (Liji), Record on the Subject of Education (Xueji): Regarding a superior person's learning, it must be stored in the heart, practiced diligently, not forgotten during rest, and contemplated while at leisure. Only then can one learn with peace of mind, be close to teachers, enjoy friendship, and believe in the way. It also refers to a school, a collective term for educational institutions such as the xiang and xu. Book of Rites (Liji), Royal Regulations (Wangzhi): The Son of Heaven issues commands to conduct transformation, and then establishes schools. Elementary schools were established to the left of the south side of the ruler's palace, and higher schools were established in the suburbs. The higher school of the Son of Heaven is called the Biyong, and the higher school of a feudal lord is called the Pangong. Also used as a surname. See the Garden of Surnames (Xingyuan). Also rhyming with the sound xi. Book of Han (Qian Hanshu), Biography of Kuang, Zhang, Kong, and Ma: Marquis of Le'an, Kuang Heng, was respectful and polite, a literary scholar of the ancient style. Rhymes with si; si is pronounced xi. Also rhyming with the sound xiao. Fu Yi, Poem on Advancing Ambition (Dizhi Shi): Teach me excellent matters, and bestow upon me broad learning. Rhymes with gao. Correct Characters Thoroughly Explained (Zhengzitong): This is different from the character meaning to teach (xiao). Note that in the Book of Documents (Shangshu), Charge to Yue, it states to teach is to learn half. There is a distinction between learning and teaching. Scholars of various schools are often rigid regarding the classics and commentaries; sometimes they write the character for teaching as the character for learning, conflating the two, which is incorrect. Currently, the character for teaching is pronounced xiao, while the character for school is only written as this character; see the detailed entry under the radical for child (zi) regarding the character for teaching (xiao).